Solution:

Mahrez Pick 4 marbles.

Explanation:
How many marbles Vardy picks, Mahrez needs to make sure that only 1 marble is left after his move, So Vardy needs to pick the last marble.

Example:
If Vardy picks 1, Mahrez picks 5
If Vardy picks 2, Mahrez picks 4
....
...
If Vardy picks 5, Mahrez picks 1

Solution:

Seven chairs are required as there are only seven people in the room.
A Grandfather married to Grandmother.
They are blessed with a son who is married to a woman.
Together, they have three children a handsome lad and two beautiful angels.

Thus, only seven people are present.

Solution:

3 3/4 hours

Explanation:
Suppose that the amount of petrol in each of the cars in the beginning was M.
Now, suppose that they drove for X hours.

In that case, the amount of petrol used by one car in X hours will be = M*X /4
The amount of petrol used by the other car will be = M*X/5

Therefore, the petrol left in one car = M - M*X / 4
Petrol left in the other car = M - M*X / 5

Now, according to the question,
M - M*X / 5 = 4 (M - M*X / 4)
=> X = 15 / 4 = 3 3/4 hours.

Therefore Murphy and Cooper drove for 3 3/4 hours.

Solution:

Flyball should pay Lavy $11 instead of accepting his counter offer as in that case the club will end up paying almost double the amount.

Solution:

Oscaru and Austin.

Explanation:
The Chemist hide the name using periodic table as shown in below picture
76-20-44 => Os(76) + Ca(20) + Ru(44)
79-16-22-7=> Au(79) + S(16) + Ti(22) + N(7)

Solution:

For this answer is 3^0, 3^1, 3^2... That is 1,3,9,27,81,243 and 729.

Solution:

The last marble will be yellow.

Since marbles can only be taken out in pairs and you started off with an odd number of yellows there is always going to be one yellow left over that you'll keep putting back in the box until it's left on it's own.

Solution:

There is no mention if you can use sign or not and thus the only possible way to get this is as follows:

(15 - 9) + (13 - 7) + (7 - 1) + (9 - 1) + (13 - 9)

If you solve inside the brackets, you will get the following equation
6 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 4
Adding all these numbers, you will get 30 which is the required sum.

Solution:

Professor Frink said: 'I shall be hanged!' If he was lying, he would be hanged. But that's what the Frink was saying. So he speaks the truth. But if he speaks the truth, he would be beheaded, so then he was not speaking the truth. So it is impossible for the judge to determine wether the person speaks the truth or not. So therefore the judge cannot determine the penalty and sets him free.

Solution:

The total population of New York City is about nine millions. Let us assume that 1 million among them are bald which leaves us with eight millions of people that are required to have different number of hairs on their head.

Now as per the surveys, on an average, people have 100, 000 hairs on their head. Since all must have different numbers, we start with one. Let us say someone has one hair strand, someone has two, and someone has three and so on. After 100, 000 people, we are left with 7, 900, 000 people left. Since all of them are needed to have different number of hair strands, we will move up from 100, 000.

In such case, at the end, you will be having a person with 8, 000, 000 hairs which is clearly impossible (even having 1, 000, 000 hairs on someone's head is impossible).

Therefore, there must be two people who have same number of hairs on their head.

This is a classic example of the pigeonhole principle.