Solution:

23

Explanation:
If you interchange the digits in the squares, you will see that all the resulting numbers are square of some number. Now square root all the thus formed numbers and add them together and you will have the required number in the circle.

In the third figure:
61 = 16 and square root = 4
90 = 09 and square root = 3
18 = 81 and square root = 9
94 = 49 and square root = 7

4 + 3 + 9 + 7 = 23.

Solution:

Four

three placed flat on the table in a triangle(touching each other) and put the fourth one on top of them in the middle.

Solution:

fIvE thOUsAnd(5000)

Solution:

Step 5 is invalid, because we are dividing by (x-y), and since x=y, we are thus dividing by 0. This is an invalid mathematical operation (division by 0), and so by not following basic mathematical rules

Solution:

It will take the man 58 minutes to reach the top.

Since he is climbing 3 feet and falling 2 feet back every passing minute, he is actually climbing 1 feet every minute.
Therefore, he would have climbed 57 feet in 57 minutes. The remaining distance is 3 feet. He will take one more minute to climb it and reach the surface. Since he has reached the top surface, he won't slip back.

Solution:

Both will rotate at Same speed.

Explanation:
Gears of the same size will always rotate at constant speeds despite any smaller or larger gears in between them.

Solution:

The matchsticks that are marked with red are to be removed and the final figure will have just two squares. You can remove either pair from the possible four ways.

Solution:

David to play second

Explanation:
Let's suppose that David plays first and he picks 9. Then Albert will definitely pick 8. Now, David will have to pick 7 or Albert will pick 7 in his turn. But if David picks up 7, then he will score 16 that is beyond 15 and will lose. So one thing is for sure, no one will be willing to start with the highest digits.

Suppose David plays first and picks up 1, Albert will pick 2. Then David will pick 3 and Albert will pick 4. Now David will be forced to pick 9. The score is 6 to 13 and thus David will have no chance of winning.

If David Picks 9 after Albert has picked up 2, then Albert will pick 8 and the score will become 10 to 10. Thus David will pick 3 as picking 7 will send him past 15. Now Albert will pick 4 and David has nothing to pick for winning. Thus Albert wins.

Therefore, you should suggest David to play second.

Solution:

If you see the picture, they formed a pentagonal shape and achieved the required.

Solution:

1

Explanation:
4 + 9 = 1
The trick to solve is to assume the first number as the time in AM and the second number is the number of hours you have to add to it. You'll find the time in PM when you do that.

For example
7 AM + 7 hours = 14:00 or 2 PM

4 AM + 9 hours = 13:00 or 1 PM.

Solution:

In the picture you can find the green matchsticks. We have moved them from the bottom and placed them in the middle. It was a bit tricky but now you have your desired result.