Solution:

130

Explanation:
(1*1*1)+1 = 02
(2*2*2)+2 = 10
(3*3*3)+3 = 30
(4*4*4)+4 = 68
(5*5*5)+5 = 130

Solution:

They were playing tennis.

Tiger Phil
30 - 30
40 - 30 (Phil hit a bad shot)
Game won - 30 (Tiger hit an awesome shot)

Solution:

It can be done in 8 moves as shown in the animated image below.

Solution:

Daughter.

Solution:

The clerk said that every day the password is CHANGED. Changed is the password.

Solution:

Six.

There are only five colors, so six socks guarantee that two will be the same color.

Solution:

I am word "Introvert"

Solution:

8/(1−1/5)

Solution:

192

Explanation:
I started with the number 192.
Adding the reversed 291 to 192 gave me 483.
Similarly,
483 + 384 = 867
867 + 768 = 1635
1635 + 5361 = 6996

Solution:

3/7

Explanation:
If a 31day month starts on a Friday, Saturday or Sunday it will have five Sunday, if not it will have 4 Sunday.

Solution:

The last marble will be yellow.

Since marbles can only be taken out in pairs and you started off with an odd number of yellows there is always going to be one yellow left over that you'll keep putting back in the box until it's left on it's own.