Solution:

29

Jacob standing on the middle rung.
He goes up 6 rungs so he is now at M+6 and when he goes down 10 rungs so he is at M-4.
Jacob goes up 18 rungs so he is now at M+14 = T

14 rungs from the top, 14 rungs from the bottom, and the middle rung. 14+14+1=29

Solution:

C7 => B8
Exchange pawn for a knight

Check-Mate

GameOver

Solution:

Both will rotate at Same speed.

Explanation:
Gears of the same size will always rotate at constant speeds despite any smaller or larger gears in between them.

Solution:

They use the bricks and dirt from the tunnel to stand on it.

Solution:

To do it, the marbles must be arranged as the vertices of an octahedron. If you are unsure, check the image below.

Solution:

5 leopard and one sheep

since all animal are rational , once 1st leopard eats the sheep all the rest of leopard would know about this.

Solution:

40 balls

Solution:

You can ask this question to any one person, "if I ask the man who is next you: which is the correct way and the road to the village, what would the person next to you answer?"
If you happened to ask this question to the liar, he will show you the wrong way.
And if you happened to ask this question to the one who says truth, he will also show you the wrong way.
Once you are done with this, take the other way. This will lead you to the village

Solution:

fIvE thOUsAnd(5000)

Solution:

199 - 99

Solution:

2, 3, 10 and 10
To maintain the difference of eight and keeping in mind the third and fourth hint, the first and third cards can be 2 and 10 or 10 and 2. But keeping in mind the first hint, we know that the first card is 2 and the third is 10. Similarly, if we see the fifth hint, the difference between the second and fourth card should be 7. Thus we know that the second card is 3 and the fourth card is 10.