Solution:

Only twenty-three people need be in the room, a surprisingly small number. The probability that there will not be two matching birthdays is then, ignoring leap years, 365x364x363x...x343/365 over 23 which is approximately 0.493. this is less than half, and therefore the probability that a pair occurs is greater than 50-50. With as few as fourteen people in the room the chances are better than 50-50 that a pair will have birthdays on the same day or on consecutive days.

Solution:

19

Explanation:
The children can purchase 19 chocolates in return.

Out of 77 wrappers, 75 will be used to buy 15 chocolates and two will be left spare.
The 15 chocolates will create 15 empty wrappers that can be exchanged to get three chocolates.
Three chocolates will return three wrappers which will help them buy another chocolate.
Now the wrapper from this chocolate and the two spare that were left earlier will get them another chocolate.
15 + 3 + 1 = 19

Solution:

888 + 88 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 1000

Solution:

The stranger said that he thought the room was his. If so, he must have had the keys to the room and thus he must not have knocked.

Solution:

Align the toothpicks to form TEN. Use one toothpick for each of the lines.

Solution:

When you were inside the shed, the murderer replaced the lock with his own one that was identical to your original lock. When you locked the store room, you did not require a key and there was nothing abnormal for you. When you left, the murderer opened the lock with his key, planted the dead body inside and replaced the lock again putting the original lock in the place. He then closed it without any problem.

Solution:

They use the bricks and dirt from the tunnel to stand on it.

Solution:

1/3

Explanation
Assuming T1 is the Toy for brother1, T2 is the toy for brother2 and T3 is the toy for brother3.

Following are the possible cases for toys distribution:

Boy1 Boy2 Boy3
T1 T2 T3
T1 T3 T2
T2 T1 T3
T2 T3 T1 .... (A)
T3 T1 T2 .... (B)
T3 T2 T1

In both steps (A) & (B), no one gets the correct toy.
Therefore probability that none brother can get the own toy is 2/6 = 1/3

Solution:

Numbers of the first cube:
1, 2, 4, 0, 5 and 6.

Numbers on the second cube:
3, 1, 2, 7, 8 and 0.

Now you can pick any date and you will be able to show it using these cubes. Remember that you can always use 6 as 9 by inverting it.

This problem has another solution and we leave it for you to deduce.

Solution:

36 meters.

100/v1 = 80/v2
100/v2 = 80/v3

20+(20/v2)*v3=20+16 = 36

Solution:

Daughter.