Solution:

192

Explanation:
I started with the number 192.
Adding the reversed 291 to 192 gave me 483.
Similarly,
483 + 384 = 867
867 + 768 = 1635
1635 + 5361 = 6996

Solution:

3816547290

Solution:

The guy threw a boomerang in the air from his window. It flew away and looped around to return back with high velocity. It hit his head and he died on the spot due to the injury. This can be the only logical explanation.

Solution:

Paradise

Solution:

First fill the 8 liters jug complete - 4, 8, 0
Fill the 5 liters jug with 8 liters jug - 4, 3, 5
Pour back the beer from 5 liters jug to 12 liters jug - 9, 3, 0
Pour the 3 liters from 8 liters jug to 5 liters jug - 9, 0, 3
Fill the 8 liters jug completely from 12 liters jug - 1, 8, 3
Fill the 5 liters jug from the 8 liters jug - 1, 6, 5
Pour the entire 5 liters jug back in 12 liters jug - 6, 6, 0

You have successfully split the beer into two equal parts.

Solution:

4

Explanation:
Now if you go on calculating 2^300, you will lose so much time and it might not even be feasible to carry out so long of calculations. Thus we will make use of a trick here. We will calculate the remainder of each power of 2 till we come across a pattern.

2^1 divided by 4 leaves the remainder 2.
2^2 divided by 4 leaves the remainder 0.
2^3 divided by 4 leaves the remainder 0.
2^4 divided by 4 leaves the remainder 0.

You can see that all the following powers of two will be divisible by 4. Therefore the remainder when 2^300 is divided by 4 will be 0 only.

Solution:

Q

Explanation:
First Square:
6 + 4 + 4 = 14
N is the 14th letter.

Second Square:
4 + 1 + 7 = 12
L is the 12th letter.

Third Square:
5 + 6 + 10 = 21
U is the 21st letter.

Fourth Square:
14 + 2 + 1 = 17
Q is the 17th letter.

Solution:

100

Series of number that do not contain albhabet 'T'

Solution:

The last missing throw will have 3 as the result. This is because, with each pair of the throws you can find that the total sum is increasing by three and then decreasing by one. Therefore the missing throw be 3.

Solution:

Yes, some people are going get really tiny pieces but you were allowed for that right. Also, there is another way of doing it. Can you think of it?