Solution:

The conversation taking place in DST when there is a gap of approx 1hour in one of the city.

Explanation:
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of setting the clocks forward 1 hour from the standard time during the summer months, and back again in the fall, in order to make better use of natural daylight.
Therefore in case of DST, one city has time 1:30 and another city also can have time 1:30 as in one of them DST has applied and in other it's not.

Solution:

The probability of two numbers being relatively prime is 60%. Thus if you keep playing the bet, you will hypothetically make 20 cents on every play.

Thus, you should accept the bet.

Solution:

Playing chess

Game needs two players so Brother-8 is playing chess with Brother-2

Solution:

Move and then pour all juice from second glass to fifth glass.

Solution:

In the corners of the square, tighten two ropes. Tighten another rope between them by putting rings on each rope. That rope should be tightened on the sheep's neck on the other end.

Solution:

From top to bottom, the flavors are :

nutty-chocolate
peppermint
orange
Jamaica
walnut

Solution:

1. Fill 5 liters jar ( 5l-jar:5, 3l-jar:0)
2. Transfer to 3 liters pail (5l-jar:2, 3l-jar:3)
3. Empty 3 liters jar ( 5l-jar:2, 3l-jar:0)
4. Transfer 2q from 5 pail to 3 pail (5l-jar:0, 3l-jar:2)
5. Fill 5 liters pail(5l-jar:5, 3l-jar:2)
6. Transfer 1q from 5 pail to 3 pail(5l-jar:4, 3l-jar:3)

Solution:

Jeff Killed Mike

1. Jack is not the murderer, because he is the brother of the murderer.
2. Dan can't be the murderer since he ran a marathon, and the murderer recently had his leg amputated, and wouldn't be running a marathon of any magnitude that quickly.
3. Ben is not the murderer if he just met Jack, since Jack and the murderer grew up together.
4. This leaves Jeff and Mike.

Since Jeff is still alive (he wants to install a new computer next week, present tense) he must be the murderer. Mike also didn't grow up with Jack. It has been determined that Jack, Dan and Jeff are all alive. Ben must also be alive since Jeff plans to install Ben's computer next week. This means that Jeff killed Mike.

Solution:

C7 => B8
Exchange pawn for a knight

Check-Mate

GameOver

Solution:

The answer is very simple. All she had to do is take the fifteen cards from the top and reverse them. This would make another pile out of that and there will be two piles - one of 15 cards and one of 37 cards. Also both of them will have the same number of inverted cards.

Just think about it and if the mathematical explanation will help you understand better, here it is.
Assume that there were p inverted cards initially in the top 15 cards. Then the remaining 37 cards will hold 15-p inverted cards.
Now when she reverses the 15 cards on the top, the number of inverted cards will become 15-p and thus the number of inverted cards in both of the piles will become same.

Solution:

4 6 5 3 (from magician perspective)
3 5 6 4 (viewer perspective)

Detail:

From user perspective:
3 5 6 4 => 5 6 4 3 => 6 5 4 3

For magician perspective
3 4 5 6 (ascending order as)