Solution:

89

Explanation:
(1st-column-number * 2nd-column-number) + (1st-column-number + 2nd-column-number) = 3rd column number.

i.e

(3 x 1) + (3 + 1) = 3 + 4 => 7
(6 x 4) + (6 + 4) = 24 + 10 => 34
(8 x 7) + (8 + 7) = 56 + 15 => 71
(9 x 8) + (9 + 8) = 72 + 17 => 89

Solution:

To do it, the marbles must be arranged as the vertices of an octahedron. If you are unsure, check the image below.

Solution:

There are two things to keep in mind:
Firstly there is at least one red hat. (There can be two or three as well).
Secondly the competition is fair for everyone.

Thus if there is only one red hat, that person will see two green hats on other heads and will be able to deduce his own color as red. However the other students will see one red and one green hat and can never be sure. In such manner, the competition will prove to be partial for one student.

Suppose if there are two red hats. Then the students who are wearing red hats will see one red and one green hat on others. Now they must have deduced that there can’t be just one red hat. Thus they will know that they are also wearing a red hat. But the one who is wearing a green hat will see two red hats and can never be sure of his own color. In this case as well, the competition will not be fair.

Thus the only possible and fair means is if all of them are wearing a red hat. The one who is able to deduce the situation first, will raise his hand and will tell the correct answer.

Solution:

Move and then pour all juice from second glass to fifth glass.

Solution:

2003.

Explanation:
Its a series of prime numbes.

Solution:

She is near the trunk of the tree as shown below.

Solution:

45 minutes

Explanation :
All you have to do is burn the first rope from both the ends and the second rope from one end only simultaneously. The first rope will burn in 30 minutes (half of an hour since we burned from both sides) while the other rope would have burnt half. At this moment, light the second rope from the other end as well. Where, the second rope would have taken half an hour more to burn completely, it will take just 15 minutes as we have lit it from the other end too.

Thus you have successfully calculated 30+15 = 45 minutes with the help of the two given ropes.

Solution:

10

Explanation:
Equation 1 + 9 + 11 = 1 can be derived from
One (o) + nine (n) + eleven (e) = one => 1

Similarly for equation,
12 + 11 + 9
Twelve (t) + eleven (e) + nine (n) => ten (10)

Solution:

From top to bottom, the flavors are :

nutty-chocolate
peppermint
orange
Jamaica
walnut

Solution:

Both will rotate at Same speed.

Explanation:
Gears of the same size will always rotate at constant speeds despite any smaller or larger gears in between them.

Solution:

It is not possible to guess only three fruits correctly: the fourth fruit is then correct too! So nobody has guessed three fruits correctly and 123-43-39-31 = 10 people have guessed four fruits correctly.