Solution:

The total population of New York City is about nine millions. Let us assume that 1 million among them are bald which leaves us with eight millions of people that are required to have different number of hairs on their head.

Now as per the surveys, on an average, people have 100, 000 hairs on their head. Since all must have different numbers, we start with one. Let us say someone has one hair strand, someone has two, and someone has three and so on. After 100, 000 people, we are left with 7, 900, 000 people left. Since all of them are needed to have different number of hair strands, we will move up from 100, 000.

In such case, at the end, you will be having a person with 8, 000, 000 hairs which is clearly impossible (even having 1, 000, 000 hairs on someone's head is impossible).

Therefore, there must be two people who have same number of hairs on their head.

This is a classic example of the pigeonhole principle.

Solution:

None

The sum of numbers from 0-9(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) is 45 and therefore can be divisible by 3 and 9.

Solution:

16

Explanation:
9 [1x1] squares
5 [2x2] squares
1 [4x4] square
1 [4x4] square

9 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 16 squares.

Solution:

If we have to measure precisely, it is impossible. Because we are asked to measure odd number of liters whereas all the jars we have can contain only even liters of water.

* Tricky question asked in ias/infosys/infoedge/ibibo interview

Solution:

Four

three placed flat on the table in a triangle(touching each other) and put the fourth one on top of them in the middle.

Solution:

13 x 3 + 1 = 40

The number of decks is absolutely not relevant here which means whether we mix 5 or 500 cards still results would be same.
Any card drawn will be a Ace,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Jack,Queen or King, so there are 13 possibilities each time a card is drawn.
If you are lucky just 5 cards of the same kind can be obtained in 4 steps

The unluckiest(worst) way is our solution as we need to guarantee a four of a kind.
Draw 3 of each kind =>now we have 39 cards. Next card will guarantee 4 of a kind.

Solution:

8/(1−1/5)

Solution:

45 minutes

Explanation :
All you have to do is burn the first rope from both the ends and the second rope from one end only simultaneously. The first rope will burn in 30 minutes (half of an hour since we burned from both sides) while the other rope would have burnt half. At this moment, light the second rope from the other end as well. Where, the second rope would have taken half an hour more to burn completely, it will take just 15 minutes as we have lit it from the other end too.

Thus you have successfully calculated 30+15 = 45 minutes with the help of the two given ropes.

Solution:

Since each one of them gave one answer wrong, this means that each one of them gave two answers right.

Let us assume that Student A gave a wrong answer to the first question. This will mean that Student B also gave a wrong answer for the first. This will conclude that the rest of the two answers given by them are correct. However, the answers are different and thus it is not possible.

Thus both Student A and Student B must be right with the first question and the answer to the first is two.

If you keep applying the same logic, you will come to a conclusion that following are the correct answers:
Q1. Two
Q2. Three
Q3. Two

Solution:

A Question

Solution:

The answer is 'R'

It represents the gear stick. The number 1-5 represents gears and the last one thus should be reverse i.e. R.