Solution:

Parents.

Solution:

The numbers that have been written over the calendar are:
12, 4, 8 and 3

A few numbers have been circled under particular months. The curious thing is that the numbers that have been written are the same number of corresponding months under which the dates have been marked.

What we can judge by the overall calendar is that the dates that have been marked may refer to the letters at that position in the month's name. In addition, the written numbers can be the position of those letters. Let's simplify below:

12th month is December
The number marked under December = 5
The fifth letter of December = M

4th month is April
The number marked under April = 4
The fourth letter of April = I

8th month is August
The number marked under August is 6
The sixth letter of August = T

3rd month is March
The numbers marked under March are 4 and 5
The fourth and fifth letter of March = C and H

When you combine the letters, you get the name as MITCH.
Therefore, Mitch is the killer.

Solution:

Here is a way to do it. We dont know if it can be done using some other arrangement or not. If you know, do send us.

4 | 3 | 8
9 | 5 | 1
2 | 7 | 6

Solution:

3 1 2 2 1 1
1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1

Read Line as one 1 => 1
Read Line 2 as two one => 2 1
Read Line 3 as one two and one one => 1 2 1 1
and so on.

Solution:

The mules is moving in circular path and hence outside legs travels more distance than inner legs.

Solution:

1/3

Explanation
Assuming T1 is the Toy for brother1, T2 is the toy for brother2 and T3 is the toy for brother3.

Following are the possible cases for toys distribution:

Boy1 Boy2 Boy3
T1 T2 T3
T1 T3 T2
T2 T1 T3
T2 T3 T1 .... (A)
T3 T1 T2 .... (B)
T3 T2 T1

In both steps (A) & (B), no one gets the correct toy.
Therefore probability that none brother can get the own toy is 2/6 = 1/3

Solution:

You can ask this question to any one person, "if I ask the man who is next you: which is the correct way and the road to the village, what would the person next to you answer?"
If you happened to ask this question to the liar, he will show you the wrong way.
And if you happened to ask this question to the one who says truth, he will also show you the wrong way.
Once you are done with this, take the other way. This will lead you to the village

Solution:

Pages 19, 20, 23, 37, 38, & 42 will also be missing

Solution:

David to play second

Explanation:
Let's suppose that David plays first and he picks 9. Then Albert will definitely pick 8. Now, David will have to pick 7 or Albert will pick 7 in his turn. But if David picks up 7, then he will score 16 that is beyond 15 and will lose. So one thing is for sure, no one will be willing to start with the highest digits.

Suppose David plays first and picks up 1, Albert will pick 2. Then David will pick 3 and Albert will pick 4. Now David will be forced to pick 9. The score is 6 to 13 and thus David will have no chance of winning.

If David Picks 9 after Albert has picked up 2, then Albert will pick 8 and the score will become 10 to 10. Thus David will pick 3 as picking 7 will send him past 15. Now Albert will pick 4 and David has nothing to pick for winning. Thus Albert wins.

Therefore, you should suggest David to play second.

Solution:

It has been clearly stated that none of the two students gave same number of correct answers which leads us to two different possibilities of correct answers:
Either (1 + 2 +3 + 4 + 5 = 15) or (0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10) stands true.

After analyzing the question, the maximum number of correct answers possible with the answers Gerry, Billy, Clark, Peeta and Jonathan gave:
Question 1 = 2 (b or c)
Question 2 = 2 (b or c)
Question 3= 4 (True)
Question 4 = 4 (True)
Question 5 = 3 (True)

Let us first assume with the maximum number of correct answers possible according to our data which are 15 (2+2+4+4+3). According to it, Billy must have given all correct answers as he was the only one who answered True for questions 3, 4 and 5. But in that case, Gerry and Clark must have given exactly three correct answers. Furthermore, Peeta and Jonathan must have given two correct answers. Therefore none of them got all the five correct answers which is wrong according to what we have analyzed.

Thus we move on to our next assumption according to which, the total number of correct answers are 10 (0+1+2+3+4). Now we must acknowledge that Questions 3 as well as Question 4 cannot be False as it will mean that the number of correct answers would not be 10. So the students giving wrong answers cannot be Gerry, Billy and Peeta.

Assume that Jonathan got all wrong, it will suggest that Gerry, Clark and Peeta each would have at least two correct answers. Then, Billy would have to be the person with only one correct answer and in that situation, the correct answers for questions 1 and 2 would be a and a respectively. Since that is not possible as then the total number of correct answers would be 1 (a) + 1 (a) + 1 (False) + 4 (True) + 2 (Flase) = 9.

Thus it must be Clark who has given all wrong answers. The correct answers are then b, a, True, False and False. Also, the scores are Clark (0), Billy (1), Gerry (2), Jonathan (3) and Peeta (4).

Solution:

31

Explanation:
Ramanujan lighting the candles in binary.
11110 =30
11111 =31