Solution:

Mark Benson '?' = question MARK, so the note on the door reads 'Question Mark Crimson broke your window.'

Solution:

Paleontology, the study of fossils

Solution:

A Leak.

Solution:

1/6227020800

Explanation
This can be solved through a simple mathematical equation.

N cards have n! permutations.
Therefore, the probability of obtaining a specific one by chance is 1/n!

Now, in this particular case, n = 13
Therefore, the required probability is 1/6227020800

Solution:

Let us assume,
the radius of the river is R.
the speed of beast is S.
the speed of duck is S/4.
Circumference = 2 * Pi * R.

Now, if duck swims R/4 distance from the center of the river and then begins to swim across the river in center implies both duck and beast can take the round trip in same time.
Explanation :
time by beast : 2 * Pi* R * S
time by duck : 2 * Pi* R/4 * S/4 => 2 * Pi* R * S


Now, the duck can move slowly inward toward the center of the river, and begin swimming around the center in a circle from this distance. It is now going around a very slightly smaller circle than it was a moment ago, and thus will be able to swim around this circle FASTER than the beast can run around the shore.

The duck can keep swimming around this way, pulling further away each second, until finally it is on the opposite side of its inner circle from where the beast is on the shore. At this point, the duck aims directly toward the closest shore and begins swimming that way. At this point, the duck has to swim [0.75R feet + 1 millimeter] to get to shore. Meanwhile, the beast will have to run R*pi feet (half the circumference of the river) to get to where the duck is headed.
The beast runs four times as fast as the duck, but you can see that it has more than four times as far to run:

[0.75R feet + 1 millimeter] * 4 < R*pi

[This math could actually be incorrect if R were very small, but, in that case, we could just say the duck swam inward even less than a millimeter and make the math work out correctly.]

Because the duck has less than a fourth of the distance to travel as the beast, it will reach the shore before the beast reaches where it is and successfully escape.

Solution:

Its snail

Solution:

If all other conditions are fair, then the toss will generate a 52:48 distribution in the favor of heads. The toss boas factor will then be 52/48.

Using the same approach, if the coin will generate a 49:51 distribution in the favor of tails, the coin bias factor for heads will be 49/51.

Using the results, we can say that the combined bias factor is (52 * 49) / (51 * 48) = 2548 / 2448 which can be canceled if the floor bias factor is 2448 / 2548. The floor will generate a distribution factor of 2448 / (2558 + 2448) : 2548 + 2448) in favor of tails. If you calculate roughly, it will be 51.00080064% tails.

Solution:

The equator.

I stand up straight wrt ground, but is sideways wrt Earth axis.

Solution:

Word from the first row: AUGUST
Word from the second row: SCRIPT

Word from the circled letters: STRAPS or SPRATS.

Solution:

The torque needed to hold up the longer piece is responsible for the fact that the shorter piece will weigh more. This is the reason why a heavier kid sits closer in on a see-saw against a lighter kid.