Solution:

"what" is the name of the ship.
The line says "What is the name of the Captain Jack Sparrow ship".

Solution:

Firstly: Policeman should take the thug across the river thames and escort the boat back with him. (Thug across, everyone else on this side)
Then, Policeman will take one cat along, leave it there, and on the way back, bring back the thug (since thug cannot be left with anyone without policeman's supervision).
Then Mrs. Mother will take the second cat on the other side. Drop it there and bring the boat back. For the 4th trip, Mrs. Mother And Mr. Father Will travel to the other side, and Mrs. Mother will stay there, and MR. Father will bring the boat back. (Now Mrs. Mother and 2 cats are on the other side.)
5th trip, the policeman takes the thug across. Both of them stay there and Mrs. Mother will come back. Then for the next trip, Mr. Father and Mrs. Mother will go on the boat, and Mrs. Mother will stay there, and Mr. Father will return back.
Then for the 7th trip, Mr. Father will travel with one dog. On the return, the policeman and the thug will return. Then in the next trip, the Policeman will take the second dog. (Now Mrs. Mother and her two cats; Mr. Father and his two dogs and the Policeman is here).
Now finally the policeman takes the boat on the other side and brings back the thug.
Tough one, right ?

Solution:

The equation can be solved by substituting
B = 7
A = 8
S = 8
E = 3
L = 5

Therefore the equation now looks as:
7483 +
7455
-------
14938
-------

Solution:

-3 -1 1

Explanation:
-3 * 1 * -1 = 3(prime)
-1 - (-3) = 1 -(-1) = 2

Solution:

This can be done if you draw a five pointed star and place the balls on the corners and intersection points. See the figure to understand better.

Solution:

1653

Explanation:
For an ideal case, the batsman will hit a six on each ball. But if he hits six on the last ball of the over, the strike will change in the next over. Thus, the best he can do in the last ball is run 3 runs so that he retains the strike even in the next over. Thus the total runs that he can score in each over:
6 * 5 + 3 = 33
But this will have to go like it only till the 49th over. In the last over, he can hit a six in the last ball as well as that will be the last ball of the match.
Thus runs for the last over will be 6 * 6 = 36.
Hence the maximum runs = 33 * 49 + 36 = 1653

Solution:

2100 miles.

Each vowel equivalent to 500 and each consonant equivalent to -200

Solution:

On Your lap.

Solution:

Step 5 is invalid, because we are dividing by (x-y), and since x=y, we are thus dividing by 0. This is an invalid mathematical operation (division by 0), and so by not following basic mathematical rules

Solution:

Birbal drew another line that was larger than the pre-drawn line. Now the pre drawn line was smaller.

Solution:

It can be solved as below.