Solution:

This is quite a tricky puzzle and quite hard to deduce at first impression.

What you have to do is write the number in English
For the first case, 1 and 2 produce 9
1 = One
2= Two
There are three characters in both one and two
3x3 = 9

Similarly for the second case, 3 and 4 produce 20
3 = Three
4 = Four
Three has 5 characters and four has 4 characters
5x4 = 20

Now for the question, seventeen has 9 characters and twelve has 6 characters, thus the missing number is the product of 9 and 6 which is 54.

Solution:

Playing chess

Game needs two players so Brother-8 is playing chess with Brother-2

Solution:

Fifteen minutes can easily be measure using these two hour glasses.

Step 1: He will start both the hourglass.

Step 2: The moment the eleven minute hourglass is empty, he will invert it.

Step 3: When the thirteen minutes hourglass is empty, he will invert the eleven minute hourglass.
In step 3, we will have counted thirteen minutes. Since we inverted the eleven minute hourglass in step 2, it started from fresh and was inverted just for two minutes (13-11=2). In this manner when it is reversed when the thirteen minute hourglass is finished, it will have two minutes of sand left. This time when the sand finishes, he will have measured fifteen minutes. (13+2=15)

Solution:

Put one red marble in one box and all other marbles in the 2nd box.

Probability :
50 + 24/49

Solution:

What must be kept in mind before you start calculating through any method is that the weights can be put on both the pans.

So the weights - 1, 3, 7, 12, 43, 76, 102

The oldest man that can be weighed using these weights is a man aged 122 years

Solution:

You must put labels on the tablets as A and B before using. In that case, if you pour tablets together, you will get 3A, 2A 1B, 1A 2B or 3B. If they are from the same bottles you can take one from another bottle and save the remaining two for another day. If you get two from same and one from other, you can draw one from another bottle and you will have two pairs of which you can eat one and save the other.

Solution:

Since the knife was in her hand which implies that she was planning to kill her husband "Inspector Montalbano".

Solution:

Read the question carefully again. New Year do falls after Christmas but that happens if two different years. The question is put up against the year 2050 and thus there will be 51 weeks and 2 days in between them as New Year will appear on 1 January 2050 and Christmas will happen on 25 December 2050.

Solution:

Tilt the barrel until the fruit juice barely touches the lip of the barrel. If the bottom of the barrel is visible then it is less than half full.If the barrel bottom is still completely covered by the fruit juice, then it is more than half full.

Solution:

LOTTO

Explanation:
Just flip the two rows 1 and 2 vertically, you will find the word "Lotto".

Solution:

For this answer is 3^0, 3^1, 3^2... That is 1,3,9,27,81,243 and 729.