Solution:

1:1 (approx)

Explanation:
We know that the probability of having a boy or having a girl is same and thus, half of the couples will stop after having a boy child. Half of the others will have a girl and will have a baby again. Out of those half of the couples, half will have a boy and will stop and half will have a girl again. This will keep on going like this.

Now, if there are X number of couples, there will be X boys.

1/2 have a boy and stop: 0 girls
1/4 have a girl, then a boy: X/4 girls
1/8 have 2 girls, then a boy: 2*X/8 girls
1/16 have 3 girls, then a boy: 3*X/16 girls
1/32 have 4 girls, then a boy: 4*X/32 girls
…
Total: X boys and
1X 2X 3X 4X
– + – + – + — +… = ~X

Therefore, the proportion of boys to girls will be extremely close to 1:1

Solution:

Step1: Fill up the 3 liter bucket first , Pour it into the five liter bucket.

Step2: Fill up the 3 liter bucket again, and fill up the rest of the 5 liter bucket and you should have 1 liter left over in the 3 liter bucket.

Solution:

17 mins

The initial solution most people will think of is to use the fastest person as an usher to guide everyone across. How long would that take? 10 + 1 + 7 + 1 + 2 = 21 mins. Is that it? No. That would make this question too simple even as a warm up question.

Let’s brainstorm a little further. To reduce the amount of time, we should find a way for 10 and 7 to go together. If they cross together, then we need one of them to come back to get the others. That would not be ideal. How do we get around that? Maybe we can have 1 waiting on the other side to bring the torch back. Ahaa, we are getting closer. The fastest way to get 1 across and be back is to use 2 to usher 1 across. So let’s put all this together.

1 and 2 go cross
2 comes back
7 and 10 go across
1 comes back
1 and 2 go across (done)

Total time = 2 + 2 + 10 + 1 + 2 = 17 mins

Solution:

Four

three placed flat on the table in a triangle(touching each other) and put the fourth one on top of them in the middle.

Solution:

Playing chess

Game needs two players so Brother-8 is playing chess with Brother-2