Solution:

The rightmost one with the dirty shoe.

Solution:

2100 miles.

Each vowel equivalent to 500 and each consonant equivalent to -200

Solution:

The attached picture shows you how you can do it. If you were able to deduce any other way, feel free to comment.

Solution:

Birbal drew another line that was larger than the pre-drawn line. Now the pre drawn line was smaller.

Solution:

888 + 88 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 1000

Solution:

The answer is 2. First, divide the coins into 3 equal piles. Place a pile on each side of the scale, leaving the remaining pile of 3 coins off the scale. If the scale does not tip, you know that the 6 coins on the scale are legitimate, and the counterfeit is in the pile in front of you. If the scale does tip, you know the counterfeit is in the pile on the side of the scale that raised up. Either way, put the 6 legitimate coins aside. Having only 3 coins left, put a coin on each side of the scale, leaving the third in front of you. The same process of elimination will find the counterfeit coin.

Solution:

Yes, some people are going get really tiny pieces but you were allowed for that right. Also, there is another way of doing it. Can you think of it?

Solution:

"World War I" was named after after "World War II"

Solution:

The clerk said that every day the password is CHANGED. Changed is the password.

Solution:

In the picture you can find the green matchsticks. We have moved them from the bottom and placed them in the middle. It was a bit tricky but now you have your desired result.

Solution:

Align the toothpicks to form TEN. Use one toothpick for each of the lines.