Solution:

Suppose if there is just one unfaithful husband, then his wife will kill her husband as she must be knowing that all other men are faithful but the queen declared that one of them all is unfaithful.

If there are two unfaithful husbands, then both their wives will believe there is just one unfaithful husband, that too the other one whom she knows. Thus both of them will expect the above case to happen at midnight. But when no one is shot, they will realize that there are two unfaithful husbands and since they know about everyone, they will know that the other unfaithful man is their own husband on the next day.

If there are three unfaithful husbands, each of their wives will be knowing about two other unfaithful men so they will be expecting the above case and will be waiting for the gunshots on the second day. When that does not happens, they will realize that there are more than two and since they all will know about the rest, they will realize that their own husband is unfaithful and they will kill him on the third day.

Thus if we talk about general terms and suppose that there are n unfaithful husbands, their wives will believe that there is n-1 unfaithful husbands and will expect the gunshot on n-1 day. When they don’t hear that, they will realize their own husband is the nth.

Solution:

45 minutes

Explanation :
All you have to do is burn the first rope from both the ends and the second rope from one end only simultaneously. The first rope will burn in 30 minutes (half of an hour since we burned from both sides) while the other rope would have burnt half. At this moment, light the second rope from the other end as well. Where, the second rope would have taken half an hour more to burn completely, it will take just 15 minutes as we have lit it from the other end too.

Thus you have successfully calculated 30+15 = 45 minutes with the help of the two given ropes.

Solution:

5 leopard and one sheep

since all animal are rational , once 1st leopard eats the sheep all the rest of leopard would know about this.

Solution:

At every floor, the detective had to open the window himself. If the man had committed suicide, then at least one of the windows must have been open. A person who is committing suicide won’t close the window behind him. Thus he knows that someone pushed him off the edge and closed the window afterwards.

Solution:

The Password.

Explanation:
Clues 2 and 5 are correct and rest are lies.

Solution:

7, 4, 6, 5, 8

Solution:

Now there can be two solutions to the given situation because there can be two situations:
Suppose if B and C have same colors, A will know that his color is the other one and he will be able to speak up the first.
Now if B and C do not have same colors, A will stay silent. This will tell B that his and C's colors are different. Thus he will speak up first.

So either A or B will speak up first depending on the situation.

Solution:

charles put the ring into the box, secure it with one of your locks, and send the box to the girl firend.
She should then attach one of his own locks and return it. When you receive it again, remove your lock and send it back with her lock. Now she can unlock his own lock and retrieve the object.

Solution:

13 x 3 + 1 = 40

The number of decks is absolutely not relevant here which means whether we mix 5 or 500 cards still results would be same.
Any card drawn will be a Ace,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Jack,Queen or King, so there are 13 possibilities each time a card is drawn.
If you are lucky just 5 cards of the same kind can be obtained in 4 steps

The unluckiest(worst) way is our solution as we need to guarantee a four of a kind.
Draw 3 of each kind =>now we have 39 cards. Next card will guarantee 4 of a kind.

Solution:

There are 3 fruits (1 grapes, 1 apples, and 1 oranges).

Solution:

Isaac Newton picks up a piece of wood and lights it from the fire on the west end of the island.

He then quickly carries it near the east end of he island and starts a new fire. The wind will cause that fire to burn out the eastern end and he can then shelter in the burnt area.

(Funny Part : Isaac Newton survives the fire, but dies of starvation, with all the food in the forest burnt )